| VEDECKÝ ČASOPIS O DEJINÁCH SLOVENSKA A
STREDNEJ EURÓPY
VYDÁVA HISTORICKÝ ÚSTAV SLOVENSKEJ AKADÉMIE VIED, V. V. I. ISSN 0018-2575 (print) ISSN 2585-9099 (online) EV 3084/09
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AKTUÁLNE ČÍSLO | REDAKCIA | POKYNY PRE AUTOROV | ARCHÍV | PREDPLATNÉ | O ČASOPISE | PUBLIKAČNÁ ETIKA | VÝZVY
Money and Mercenaries. Home Treasury of the Counties in the Jagellonian Period Historický časopis, 2025, 73, 3, pp. 591-618, Bratislava Abstract: The reforms of the military mobilisation and taxation between 1498 and 1500 brought significant changes in the life of the counties of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. The counties received half of the royal tax from the estates that were not owned by a banner-bearer lord or a high priest (or a free royal town), in order to equip mercenary soldiers. This half-tax, the so-called war money (pecunia exercitualis), was a new regular source of income for the counties, but it also involved a significant expenditure on the mercenary troops. In the Jagellonian era the system of taxation underwent many changes and the experiments had an impact on the collection and administration of the war money. On the one hand, this paper traces these changes of the system and the history of the county administration of the war money in the period of the Jagellonian kings. On the other hand, it examines the burden these new military expenditures placed on the counties and its consequences. The examination of the counties’ revenues and expenditures is aided by two specific sources, the accounts of the war money of Nógrád county between 1505 and 1508, and the somewhat later expenditure list of Szepes county from 1544. Both sources show that the county tax was insufficient to cover the military expenditure, and that this system led to the indebtedness of the counties, which can be justified from other sources. In addition, the creditors of the counties will often be the very same county elites who were involved in the war money administration as alispánok or county treasurers. Key words: Medieval History. Hungarian Kingdom. Taxation. War Finance. Counties. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31577/histcaso.2025.73.3.7
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