| VEDECKÝ ČASOPIS O DEJINÁCH SLOVENSKA A
STREDNEJ EURÓPY
VYDÁVA HISTORICKÝ ÚSTAV SLOVENSKEJ AKADÉMIE VIED, V. V. I. ISSN 0018-2575 (print) ISSN 2585-9099 (online) EV 3084/09
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Legitimacy of a Ruler at the Beginning of the 14th Century: Charles I of Hungary and the Struggle for the Kingdom of Hungary. Historický časopis, 2025, 73, 3, pp. 527-545, Bratislava Abstract: The foundations of the succession rights to the Hungarian throne for Charles I of Hungary (1301/1308/1310–1342) were laid around 1270. While the origin of these claims is relatively clear, determining when the process of Charles’ accession to the Hungarian throne was completed is more complicated due to the dynamics of events in the first decade of the 14th century. Upon his accession, Charles faced not only resistance from a significant portion of the Hungarian nobles but also other pretenders claiming the throne of the Kingdom of Hungary. The King of Bohemia, Wenceslaus II, sought to secure the Hungarian throne for his son Wenceslaus, to whom a portion of Hungarian nobility had promised the crown. After the death of the last male member of the Árpád dynasty, King Andrew III († 1301), only a candidate with strong support could succeeded in the complicated environment of the Kingdom of Hungary. The papal curia, pursuing its own political goals, actively intervened in the succession disputes in Hungary. Boniface VIII, the last pope enforcing papal universalism, was closer to the Neapolitan royal court than to the Bohemian. Both young contenders, Charles and Wenceslaus, had to assert the legitimacy of their claims not only before the Hungarian nobility but also before the Roman Church. Ultimately, Charles obtained the Hungarian throne, but he had to fight hard for his inheritance for years. The struggle to assert his legitimacy was, however, won at the beginning of the 14th century. Based on a comparison of data from written sources, particularly of Hungarian and Italian origins from the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, I am seeking an answer to the question: Since when can Charles I of Hungary be considered the sole legitimate king of the Kingdom of Hungary, and why? Keywords: Kingdom of Hungary. Charles I of Hungary. Legitimacy. 14th century. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31577/histcaso.2025.73.3.4
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