| VEDECKÝ ČASOPIS O DEJINÁCH SLOVENSKA A
STREDNEJ EURÓPY
VYDÁVA HISTORICKÝ ÚSTAV SLOVENSKEJ AKADÉMIE VIED, V. V. I.
ISSN 0018-2575 (print)
ISSN 2585-9099 (online)
EV 3084/09
 Všetky obsahy sú čitateľom voľne dostupné podľa licencie Creative Commons CC BY 4.0.
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VÝZVY
LYSÝ, Miroslav
POLLÁK, Adriana
SZEGHYOVÁ, Blanka
Obyčaj, zákon a kodifikácia práva: vývoj vzťahu
právnej normy a súdnej praxe v Uhorsku od stredoveku do polovice 19. storočia
Custom, Law, and the Codification of Legal Norms: The Development of the
Relationship Between Legal Norms and Judicial Practice in the Kingdom of Hungary
from the Middle Ages to the Mid-19th Century
Historický časopis, 2025, 73, 4, pp. 631-665, Bratislava
Abstract: The study examines the long-term development of the
relationship between legal norms and judicial practice in the Kingdom of Hungary
from the Middle Ages to 1848/49. Unlike today’s expectations of legality,
transparent decision-making, and a professional judiciary, Hungary was for
centuries marked by opaque, casuistic judicial practice, strong personal and
institutional ties between judges and public administration, and the absence of
systematic legal education. Criminal law operated within territorial
particularism based on customary law, fragmented statutes, and legal collections
such as the Tripartitum and the domesticated Praxis Criminalis, alongside
numerous ecclesiastical and secular norms.
The authors trace the transformation from an older concept of crime as sin,
subjective qualification of offenses, composition-based principles, and
accusatorial procedure toward public prosecution, inquisitorial procedure,
written (partly secret) proceedings, and appellate review. These developments
gradually contributed to the emergence of a reformed criminal process. Although
Hungary did not achieve comprehensive criminal codification before the mid-19th
century, partial reforms and the slow professionalization of the judiciary
supported the emergence of the modern legal principle – nullum crimen sine lege,
nulla poena sine lege – laying foundations for modern criminal law.
Keywords: Legal development. Legal norm. Judicial practice. Law and
custom. Legal and judicial particularism. Tripartitum. Municipal law.
Criminal law. Criminal codifications. Accusatorial and inquisitorial procedure.
Judicial reforms. Kingdom of Hungary.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31577/histcaso.2025.73.4.1
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